How do Mutations Occur?

A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene. Sometimes mutations in DNA can cause changes in the way a cell behaves. This is because genes contain the instructions necessary for a cell to work. If some of the instructions to the cell are wrong, then the cell may not know what it is supposed to do!

There are two ways in which DNA can become mutated:

  1. Mutations can be inherited. This means that if a parent has a mutation in his or her DNA, then the mutation is passed on to his or her children.
  2. Mutations can be acquired. This happens when environmental agents damage DNA, or when mistakes occur when a cell copies its DNA prior to cell division.

Want to find out more about what causes DNA mutations?

Funding provided by The Children's Tumor Foundation, formerly The National Neurofibromatosis Foundation.
Activity
Slooze Worm Mutagenesis

This activity demonstrates how the DNA of the mythical Slooze worm can acquire a mutation as it grows from a single cell into an eight-celled organism.

Try the activity!